Landscapes.
Flora and Fauna. This Park has a broken surface with deep cannons carved by streams and rivers with big slopes, and mountain coros with peaks up to 9090 feet. Hermoso, Amarillo and Morro Alto peaks, as well as hills of Socavón, overhang due their magnitude.
Several streams and rivers descend from the hills and debouch in the San Lorenzo and Ledesma rivers in the south zone, or in the Las Piedras river in the north. All this water courses finally debouch in the San Francisco river, which flow to the north-east until it confluence with the Bermejo river.
Most of the PN Calilegua (Calilegua National Park) is covered by the Las Yungas typical herbage.
This herbaje, due to its hard access, it is almost not being altered by human action.
The forest of transition is scarce and it has in its lower parts some element from the chaco, while in mountain forrest, it reachs until 5455ft.
Over this one, the montano forrest is found with alder and pines of hill and finally high pasturelands.
In the montana forest yaguaretés, tapirs and river wolves subsist.
Bats (like the dark small fruiterer one) can be found between the leaf of the trees.
In addition, the big snout bat could be also found in the zone, feeding from the nectar while pollinizes the flowers, and so being an important agent of the maintenance of some forest plants.
The red acutí and the tuco-tuco yungueño rodents can be found.
In the high pasturelands inhabits the taruca or huemul from the north.
This a grey deer (smaller than his andine-patagonic relative).
It can be found in the limit of the eternal snow, although it prefers the valleys richer in vegetation, in more secure zones.
The avifauna is build approximately by 400 species. The big toucan, the turkey of monte alisera, the real jote, the giant batará, the burgo and several species of hummingbirds and woodpeckers. In the Calilegua hills the marsupial frog of Jujuy, now seen in other similar places.

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FAUNA
In the Yungas we find diverse animal species according to the diversity of environments, vegetation strata and altitudinal floors.
Many of these species, especially birds, carry out seasonal journeys from higher zones to lower zones in winter, and inversely in summer.
This group of vertebrates is the most numerous, with about 350 registered species in the Park. Many of them live exclusively in this vegetal formation, the Yungas. They are not found in any other natural environment of Argentina.
The most representative species are the poma eagle, an enormous endangered predator, big parrots such as the green macaw, the red-faced and orange forehead macaw, the alder parrot (characteristic of the alder forests), jungle guans such as the red-faced guan, an endemic species in the region, and a multitude of humming-birds, as well as small fruit eating, climbing and insectivorous birds.
Among the mammals we find the herbivores, represented by the tapir, the white lipped peccary and the collared peccary, the red and brown so called corzuelas, the agouti and the tapeti, a native rabbit.
In the high pasture-grounds we find another native deer, the taruca or guemul, which is an endangered species due to hunting, since it is considered a valuable trophy.
Carnivores are abundant, whether big-sized ones such as the jaguar (an endangered species) and the puma, or medium-sized ones such as the big tayra, the ocelot and the forest fox. Many mammal species have exclusive arboreal habits, such as squirrels, which run along the trees in search of fruits and seeds, and the Cai monkey, which move in small groups around the tree tops.
There is an atypical group of amphibians in this biome: marsupial frogs. These species place their eggs in bags or marsupia on their backs, where all the larva development takes place. Once completed, completely formed little frogs leave the marsupium. Invertebrate fauna, although it has not been studied much, is diverse and rich.
The most common forms are the same that abound in jungle regions of Misiones and the Amazon.
Among the fish we find 12 species, amongst which we can mention such diverse species as moharras, tararira (Hoplias malabarious) , shad, catfish and bream; there are 29 reptile species such as vipers (the coral), snakes (the false coral) and the red iguana, among others.

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FLORA
In the Yungas, climatic conditions such as rain, humidity and temperature vary abruptly with altitude between even relatively close points. Thus, valleys and low zones enjoy a warm and less rainy climate, with less frequent frost.
On the slopes, temperatures are a bit lower, but precipitations are less abundant. And in even higher zones we move to a humid temperate climate with cold winters and frequent snowfall.
These particular circumstances determine the existence of a series of vegetation floors that differ from each other.
On the plains at the foot of the mountains and on low mountain ranges, we find the Selva Basal or Transition Jungle, thus called because it is located between the Jungle proper and the dry forests of the Chaco.
Dominant trees in this formation are the so called palo blanco, the palo lanza, the white Tipa, the jacaranda, the Red Cebil, the horco cebil, the lapachos, among other species. Since rains at this altitude do not go above 1100 mm, a dry season coinciding with winter is defined, a time when most trees lose their foliage.
Mountainous jungles, located on top of the previous formation, occupy eastern slopes and form an impenetrable forest mass which, habitually, is covered with clouds during summer and the beginning of autumn.
These clouds make this formation the most humid of all, with rains of up to 3000 mm per year. These characteristics determine a humid and dark interior environment where a multitude of lianas, vines and epiphyte plants interweave and vegetate on logs and tree branches, covering them almost completely. Evergreens predominate here and their size is much bigger than in the Selva Basal.
They can reach heights of 30 metres. This group of giant vegetables is formed by the skirt laurel tree with a trunk that reaches 2.5 metres in diametre, the horco molle or palo barroso, the criollo walnut which nuts you can eat, and numerous Myrtaceae (of the family of Myrtles and Eucalyptuses) such as the so called mato, the guil, the horco-mato, the alpa-mato and others that define, when they are abundant, a particular formation named Selva de Mirtaceas or Myrtle Forest.
As we climb the slopes, we leave the jungle with evergreens and the traveller will once more find deciduous trees that form the so-called Bosque Montano.
This formation must endure cold and dry winters, and scarce rainfall (only 400 mm).
We can differentiate three types of forest: mountain pine, alder and queñoa forests.
Mountain pine is the only conifer of the Argentinean Northwest.
The queñoa is a small tree with a twisted trunk that can be found up to 3000 m.a.s.l. on rock walls, reaching a height of up to six meters. On top of the Bosques Montanos, we find the Prados Montanos, entirely formed by grassy and herbaceous plants that blossom during the rainy season and give the landscape unsurpassable beauty.

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